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Larissa Böckmann

GEM-DIAMOND doctoral fellow

ESR 7 – The politics of the untidy right: illiberal democracy as a contagious concept

With a personal research focus on the far right in a comparative perspective, I found the perfect match in my PhD project. Enthusiastic about political science, interdisciplinary research and academic cooperation.

Host Institutions

The Politics of the untidy right: Illiberal democracy as a contagious concept

Supervisors

  • Sarah de Lange
  • Nathalie Brack

Research abstract

Recent years have been characterized by multiple internal and external challenges to liberal democracy. One of those challenges is the rise of illiberalism, which has become a growing concern, particularly since the establishment of illiberal regimes by far-right actors in countries such as Hungary, India, and Turkey. Far-right parties in power have promoted democratic erosion, which created a proliferation of research on the illiberal regimes established by the far‐right. Less attention has been paid to far-right parties in opposition and their embrace of ideological illiberalism and how the far-rights three ideological cornerstones – nativism, authoritarianism, and often also populism - form an overarching illiberal agenda. However, even parties that are not in office can influence the quality of democracy, through the weakening of democratic norms and their impact on mainstream parties' positions. An abundance of research has demonstrated that center-right and center-left parties have responded to the rise of far-right parties by assuming stricter position on migration and asylum, welfare policies, or European integration. Yet, a systematic and comparative study of mainstream radicalization regarding their commitment to liberalism has not been undertaken yet.

This dissertation addresses the topic of ideological illiberalism and its prevalence within the transnational European far-right, but also its “contagiousness” towards mainstream parties. In a first step, I develop a measurement for far-right illiberalism in the European Parliament (EP) and analyze the development of far-right discourse in the European Parliament (EP) between 1999 and 2019. The results indicate that illiberalism is not a new feature in far-right discourse, but has been a present and relevant characteristic since the 2000s. However, a stable and coherent trend has only evolved since 2009, when the far-right consolidated its presence in the EP. From 2017, after Brexit and the election of Trump, there is a marked increase in the use of illiberal discourse.
After assessing the temporal development of far-right illiberalism in the EP, I look into differences between far-right politicians in their use of illiberalism. Building on the literature on far-right heterogeneity, party behavior and the institutional procedures within the EP, I develop an explanatory framework to analyze different degrees of illiberalism that are tested through a quantitative content analysis and multilevel regression. The results show that degrees of illiberalism are influenced by both characteristics of the individual MEP and the political party.
In a third step, I will comparatively analyze the potential radicalization of mainstream parties.
Larissa Böckmann holds a Master’s degree in Empirical Research on Democracy and a Bachelor’s Degree in Political Science and Philosophy from the University of Mainz. During her studies, she acquired international experience in Spain and Colombia and work experience with different NGO’s. Larissa’s broader research interest lies in the field of comparative politics and political sociology, with a focus on the far right, political culture, and democratic backsliding.
Publications:
Böckmann, L., Petrovska, M., Bialasiewicz, L., Lange, S.L. (2024). The Right to (Not) Appear: A Conversation on Institutional Obligations and Ethics of Care in Researching Illiberalism. Journal of Illiberalism Studies 4(1), 87-96, https://www.doi.org/10.53483/XCOZ3571.

Böckmann, L., Lange, S. L. de, Brack, N., & Rooduijn, M. (2025). Far‐Right Illiberalism in the European Parliament. Politics and Governance, 13(0). https://doi.org/10.17645/pag.9466

Lange, S. L. de, & Böckmann, L. (2025). Populists in Opposition: A Neglected Threat to Liberal Democracy? PS: Political Science & Politics, 58(1), 72–76. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1049096524000313


Presentation at Conferences (Selection):
-Politicologenetmaal 2023, Leuven
-ECPR General Conference 2023, Prague
-Società Italiana di Scienza Politica Conference 2023, Genua
-ECPR SG European Union Biennial Conference 2024, Lisbon
-ECPR General Conference 2024, Dublin
-Deutsche Vereinigung für Politikwissenschaft (DVPW) Congress 2024, Göttingen
-ECPR Joint Sessions 2025, Prague
-ECPR General conference 2025 (confirmed)

Training (Selection)
-ECPR Winter School 2023 (online) - Python Programming for Political Scientists
-Summer School for Women in Political Methodology 2023, University of Basel
-ECPR Summer School on Concepts and Methods for Research on Far-Right Politics 2024, C-REX Oslo

Service to the Community
Reviewing: Journal of European Integration, Journal of Contemporary European Politics, European Politics and Society

Grants and Awards
ALLBUS Junior Research Award for the best master thesis